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Hi all,
Well, of course someone has funded a study to show that there's no such thing as ES: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/6914492.stm Can't believe much you read in the press, anyway... :-) Marc |
I've read the study and the initial comments on Powerwatch.
The study has some good points, but the data analysis seems to be biased. Here's my take in detail: This is one of those papers that does not find what the punch line says it > finds. > They *did* find an effect, and it was very significant, of increased > arousal of sensitives under G3 exposure. They then used a post-hoc analysis > to try to explain that away (and seemed quite convinced they had, but a post > hoc analysis must be reproduced on separate data, and this was not done). > Equally interesting, their data seems to show a significant ability for > sensitives to tell when the signal is present, while the control group could > not. It appears the sensitive group was correct 152 of 264 times > (inferred, probably not the exact numbers), while the control group was > right 368 out of 720 times. This is significant at p<.05, and this is > without even worrying that some of the sensitives may belong with the > controls and vice versa. > > It is also not clear (to me at least) how well the signals used replicate > real mast signals, as there is no discussion of voice or data modulation. > From my reading I suppose that they replicated the carrier frequencies and > time pulses, but added no data modulation. This could have a big effect on > the bandwidth and strikes me as potentially huge caveat, given the sweeping > conclusions these authors claim to have reached. > > I agree that some aspects of the experimental design are commendable. > Howerver, there should have been some measurement of the ambient magnetic > field in the test room and any waiting rooms (ELF and RF) as there is no > mention of ELF shielding. Also, given that the number of participants fell > short of the number the experimenters felt would be necessary for reasonable > power, this paper certainly should not be interpreted as disproving that > EMFs cause EHS. William J. Bruno, Ph.D. P.S.: What is striking about the paper is that the blind well-being scores > track the open scores quite well in most cases. The open scores were highly > significant, using a conservative Bonferroni correction. I believe that > more than one dimension of well-being would have been significant without > the correction, and this argues for a weaker correction, or a lumped > analysis. Again, one should not say that no effect was observed; rather the > observed effect fell short of statistical significance in a study that did > not have much power. > On 7/25/07, Marc Martin <[hidden email]> wrote: > > Hi all, > > Well, of course someone has funded a study to show > that there's no such thing as ES: > > http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/6914492.stm > > Can't believe much you read in the press, anyway... :-) > > Marc > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] |
In reply to this post by Marc Martin
--- In [hidden email], "Marc Martin" <marc@...> wrote:
> > Hi all, > > Well, of course someone has funded a study to show > that there's no such thing as ES: > > http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/6914492.stm > > Can't believe much you read in the press, anyway... :-) > > Marc > Yes, I heard about this and I actually wonder if they are aware that electrosensitivity is officially recognised in several countries like Sweden. The thing is that the quote from someone saying it's all in the mind, why would anyone want to be electrosensitive or sensitive to specifically masts? They obviously wouldn't, and I'm sure that alot of peoples symptoms came first, before they even knew what electrosensitivity was, so this group of people clearly have not read about ES before "deciding" they are sensitive, they just are sensitive for real. Richard |
In reply to this post by Marc Martin
Yes, this is the study which has been going on for some years at the
University of Essex, which various UK ES people have ground their teeth about periodically while it was being done! In case anyone puts it forward as an anti-ES argument, the following points might be noted. 1. It was held at the University site - so anyone with severe ES who can't travel was unable to attend. 2. Five subjects with severe ES who were unable to complete the tests because of the pain experienced were simply excluded from the results. (this info is second hand but I believe originates from Alasdair Phillips of Powerwatch, I have also heard from a separate source that some people were unable to continue) 3. Exposures were to a given frequency of MW mast signal for a total period of under 1 hour, so that people who were not sensitive to that particular frequency would not register a positive reaction. 4. The researchers were psychologists, not medical - which implies a lot about what they expected to find! Basically, 1 and 2 excluded the people who might be expected to react most strongly (severely ES), and the exposure time was short enough that moderately ES people might not experience a reaction. An interesting parallel that I thought of would be this: 1. A study is done on disability. It is held on an upper floor of a building with stairs and no lift. All the people appearing for testing can walk, therefore severe disability does not exist. 2. A study is to be done on allergies. People are collected with various allergies; bee stings, nuts, pollen, solvents, dust mites etc. All are exposed to pollen. Only a few develop hayfever. Therefore, allergies and hayfever do not exist, and for the few people who do display a reaction, it is obviously all in the mind. 3. A study is done on lung cancer. People show no obvious ill effect after 1 hour of smoking cigarettes, therefore there is no link between smoking and cancer. 4. A painting is to be examined to see whether it is a Titian or an expert forgery. The person responsible for devising the test and making the assessment is an amateur photographer. Ian _____ From: [hidden email] [mailto:[hidden email]] On Behalf Of Marc Martin Sent: 25 July 2007 19:56 To: [hidden email] Subject: [eSens] Phone mast allergy "in the mind" Hi all, Well, of course someone has funded a study to show that there's no such thing as ES: http://news. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/6914492.stm> bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/6914492.stm Can't believe much you read in the press, anyway... :-) Marc [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] |
In reply to this post by Marc Martin
Small correction; it actually states in the article that 12 people dropped
out of the study due to illness, and 44 "sensitives" and 114 controls were tested. Assuming that those who dropped out were sensitive, it means that over 20% (44 out of 56) of the test group were unable to complete the tests. This is a very high proportion, especially if these "illnesses" happened to suddenly manifest themselves on the day, in the test environment..... To then say that only 2 of the remaining 44 could detect the emissions consistently is a rather flawed sample. Ian _____ From: Ian Kemp [mailto:[hidden email]] Sent: 26 July 2007 18:42 To: '[hidden email]' Subject: RE: [eSens] Phone mast allergy "in the mind" Yes, this is the study which has been going on for some years at the University of Essex, which various UK ES people have ground their teeth about periodically while it was being done! In case anyone puts it forward as an anti-ES argument, the following points might be noted. 1. It was held at the University site - so anyone with severe ES who can't travel was unable to attend. 2. Five subjects with severe ES who were unable to complete the tests because of the pain experienced were simply excluded from the results. (this info is second hand but I believe originates from Alasdair Phillips of Powerwatch, I have also heard from a separate source that some people were unable to continue) 3. Exposures were to a given frequency of MW mast signal for a total period of under 1 hour, so that people who were not sensitive to that particular frequency would not register a positive reaction. 4. The researchers were psychologists, not medical - which implies a lot about what they expected to find! Basically, 1 and 2 excluded the people who might be expected to react most strongly (severely ES), and the exposure time was short enough that moderately ES people might not experience a reaction. An interesting parallel that I thought of would be this: 1. A study is done on disability. It is held on an upper floor of a building with stairs and no lift. All the people appearing for testing can walk, therefore severe disability does not exist. 2. A study is to be done on allergies. People are collected with various allergies; bee stings, nuts, pollen, solvents, dust mites etc. All are exposed to pollen. Only a few develop hayfever. Therefore, allergies and hayfever do not exist, and for the few people who do display a reaction, it is obviously all in the mind. 3. A study is done on lung cancer. People show no obvious ill effect after 1 hour of smoking cigarettes, therefore there is no link between smoking and cancer. 4. A painting is to be examined to see whether it is a Titian or an expert forgery. The person responsible for devising the test and making the assessment is an amateur photographer. Ian _____ From: [hidden email] [mailto:[hidden email]] On Behalf Of Marc Martin Sent: 25 July 2007 19:56 To: [hidden email] Subject: [eSens] Phone mast allergy "in the mind" Hi all, Well, of course someone has funded a study to show that there's no such thing as ES: http://news. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/6914492.stm> bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/6914492.stm Can't believe much you read in the press, anyway... :-) Marc [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] |
In reply to this post by Marc Martin
Ian, you have made some excellent points, especially the comparisons
at the bottom. (i wonder if the Guardian would print it?) I could not attend because the University was 200 miles from me. As if the long journey via London were not enough, i remember also that the visit would have involved an overnight stay. Obviously the team were unable to recommend any hotels that might be suitable for an ES person to stay in! There was also an issue over the expenses allowed for participants, they were very low, allowing only really for local people to attend the experiments. (the hotel would have been at my expense). Furthermore, if a participant had to drop out of the study, which took place over a number of months, then no expenses would be refunded, and the particpant would be left footing the bill. jane (previously canaryuk) --- In [hidden email], "Ian Kemp" <ianandsue.kemp@...> wrote: > > Yes, this is the study which has been going on for some years at the > University of Essex, which various UK ES people have ground their teeth > about periodically while it was being done! In case anyone puts it forward > as an anti-ES argument, the following points might be noted. > > 1. It was held at the University site - so anyone with severe ES who can't > travel was unable to attend. > 2. Five subjects with severe ES who were unable to complete the tests > because of the pain experienced were simply excluded from the results. (this > info is second hand but I believe originates from Alasdair Phillips of > Powerwatch, I have also heard from a separate source that some people were > unable to continue) > 3. Exposures were to a given frequency of MW mast signal for a total period > of under 1 hour, so that people who were not sensitive to that particular > frequency would not register a positive reaction. > 4. The researchers were psychologists, not medical - which implies a lot > about what they expected to find! > > Basically, 1 and 2 excluded the people who might be expected to react most > strongly (severely ES), and the exposure time was short enough that > moderately ES people might not experience a reaction. > > An interesting parallel that I thought of would be this: > 1. A study is done on disability. It is held on an upper floor of a building > with stairs and no lift. All the people appearing for testing can walk, > therefore severe disability does not exist. > 2. A study is to be done on allergies. People are collected with various > allergies; bee stings, nuts, pollen, solvents, dust mites etc. All are > exposed to pollen. Only a few develop hayfever. Therefore, allergies and > hayfever do not exist, and for the few people who do display a reaction, it > is obviously all in the mind. > 3. A study is done on lung cancer. People show no obvious ill effect after > 1 hour of smoking cigarettes, therefore there is no link between smoking and > cancer. > 4. A painting is to be examined to see whether it is a Titian or an expert > forgery. The person responsible for devising the test and making the > assessment is an amateur photographer. > > Ian > > _____ > > From: [hidden email] [mailto:[hidden email]] On Behalf Of Marc > Martin > Sent: 25 July 2007 19:56 > To: [hidden email] > Subject: [eSens] Phone mast allergy "in the mind" > > > > Hi all, > > Well, of course someone has funded a study to show > that there's no such thing as ES: > > http://news. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/6914492.stm> > bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/6914492.stm > > Can't believe much you read in the press, anyway... :-) > > Marc > > > > > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] > |
Thanks Jane. It's very interesting to have testimony on the circumstances
under which this trials was carried out. It shows that it would have been ineffective in allowing severely ES people to participate. Hence, it cannot be used as evidence to "disprove" a link between ES and mast exposure, contrary to the media reports (though I take the point made elsewhere that the Essex researchers did not actually claim this!) Ian _____ From: [hidden email] [mailto:[hidden email]] On Behalf Of asurisuk Sent: 27 July 2007 16:40 To: [hidden email] Subject: [eSens] Re: Phone mast allergy "in the mind" Ian, you have made some excellent points, especially the comparisons at the bottom. (i wonder if the Guardian would print it?) I could not attend because the University was 200 miles from me. As if the long journey via London were not enough, i remember also that the visit would have involved an overnight stay. Obviously the team were unable to recommend any hotels that might be suitable for an ES person to stay in! There was also an issue over the expenses allowed for participants, they were very low, allowing only really for local people to attend the experiments. (the hotel would have been at my expense). Furthermore, if a participant had to drop out of the study, which took place over a number of months, then no expenses would be refunded, and the particpant would be left footing the bill. jane (previously canaryuk) --- In eSens@yahoogroups. <mailto:eSens%40yahoogroups.com> com, "Ian Kemp" <ianandsue.kemp@...> wrote: > > Yes, this is the study which has been going on for some years at the > University of Essex, which various UK ES people have ground their teeth > about periodically while it was being done! In case anyone puts it forward > as an anti-ES argument, the following points might be noted. > > 1. It was held at the University site - so anyone with severe ES who can't > travel was unable to attend. > 2. Five subjects with severe ES who were unable to complete the tests > because of the pain experienced were simply excluded from the results. (this > info is second hand but I believe originates from Alasdair Phillips of > Powerwatch, I have also heard from a separate source that some people were > unable to continue) > 3. Exposures were to a given frequency of MW mast signal for a total period > of under 1 hour, so that people who were not sensitive to that particular > frequency would not register a positive reaction. > 4. The researchers were psychologists, not medical - which implies a lot > about what they expected to find! > > Basically, 1 and 2 excluded the people who might be expected to react most > strongly (severely ES), and the exposure time was short enough that > moderately ES people might not experience a reaction. > > An interesting parallel that I thought of would be this: > 1. A study is done on disability. It is held on an upper floor of a building > with stairs and no lift. All the people appearing for testing can walk, > therefore severe disability does not exist. > 2. A study is to be done on allergies. People are collected with various > allergies; bee stings, nuts, pollen, solvents, dust mites etc. All are > exposed to pollen. Only a few develop hayfever. Therefore, allergies and > hayfever do not exist, and for the few people who do display a reaction, it > is obviously all in the mind. > 3. A study is done on lung cancer. People show no obvious ill effect after > 1 hour of smoking cigarettes, therefore there is no link between smoking and > cancer. > 4. A painting is to be examined to see whether it is a Titian or an expert > forgery. The person responsible for devising the test and making the > assessment is an amateur photographer. > > Ian > > _____ > > From: eSens@yahoogroups. <mailto:eSens%40yahoogroups.com> com [mailto:eSens@yahoogroups. <mailto:eSens%40yahoogroups.com> com] On Behalf Of Marc > Martin > Sent: 25 July 2007 19:56 > To: esens@yahoogroups. <mailto:esens%40yahoogroups.com> com > Subject: [eSens] Phone mast allergy "in the mind" > > > > Hi all, > > Well, of course someone has funded a study to show > that there's no such thing as ES: > > http://news. <http://news. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/6914492.stm> > bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/6914492.stm > > Can't believe much you read in the press, anyway... :-) > > Marc > > > > > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] |
In reply to this post by Marc Martin
I think the only way that anyone can even begin to start considering
provocation studies is if a clinic/retreat centre is set up first which has been tried and tested by ES people as a place where their symptoms improve. (I guess i'm thinking of something along the lines of that MCS place in Texas). Even then the study would take months during which time those with ES would have to stay at the centre, possibly resting for weeks inbetween each exposure, for the most severely affected by the illness. I reckon that a proper study of the illness will more likely come from a private source, from people who would be able to afford to attend such a clinic. I guess the Breakspear is doing something in that direction. But really what we need is a clinic where people can stay and feel better. It is only from a point of wellness that tests could be done to discover what makes sufferers feel worse. Its ridiculous testing people who turn up already feeling ill. Utterly pointless!! --- In [hidden email], "Ian Kemp" <ianandsue.kemp@...> wrote: > > Thanks Jane. It's very interesting to have testimony on the circumstances > under which this trials was carried out. It shows that it would have been > ineffective in allowing severely ES people to participate. Hence, it cannot > be used as evidence to "disprove" a link between ES and mast exposure, > contrary to the media reports (though I take the point made elsewhere that > the Essex researchers did not actually claim this!) > > Ian > > _____ > > From: [hidden email] [mailto:[hidden email]] On Behalf Of > asurisuk > Sent: 27 July 2007 16:40 > To: [hidden email] > Subject: [eSens] Re: Phone mast allergy "in the mind" > > > > Ian, you have made some excellent points, especially the comparisons > at the bottom. (i wonder if the Guardian would print it?) > > I could not attend because the University was 200 miles from me. As > if the long journey via London were not enough, i remember also that > the visit would have involved an overnight stay. Obviously the team > were unable to recommend any hotels that might be suitable for an ES > person to stay in! > > There was also an issue over the expenses allowed for participants, > they were very low, allowing only really for local people to attend > the experiments. (the hotel would have been at my expense). > > Furthermore, if a participant had to drop out of the study, which > took place over a number of months, then no expenses would be > refunded, and the particpant would be left footing the bill. > > jane (previously canaryuk) > > --- In eSens@yahoogroups. <mailto:eSens%40yahoogroups.com> > <ianandsue.kemp@> wrote: > > > > Yes, this is the study which has been going on for some years at the > > University of Essex, which various UK ES people have ground their > teeth > > about periodically while it was being done! In case anyone puts it > forward > > as an anti-ES argument, the following points might be noted. > > > > 1. It was held at the University site - so anyone with severe ES > who can't > > travel was unable to attend. > > 2. Five subjects with severe ES who were unable to complete the > tests > > because of the pain experienced were simply excluded from the > results. (this > > info is second hand but I believe originates from Alasdair > of > > Powerwatch, I have also heard from a separate source that some > people were > > unable to continue) > > 3. Exposures were to a given frequency of MW mast signal for a > total period > > of under 1 hour, so that people who were not sensitive to that > particular > > frequency would not register a positive reaction. > > 4. The researchers were psychologists, not medical - which > a lot > > about what they expected to find! > > > > Basically, 1 and 2 excluded the people who might be expected to > react most > > strongly (severely ES), and the exposure time was short enough that > > moderately ES people might not experience a reaction. > > > > An interesting parallel that I thought of would be this: > > 1. A study is done on disability. It is held on an upper floor of a > building > > with stairs and no lift. All the people appearing for testing can > walk, > > therefore severe disability does not exist. > > 2. A study is to be done on allergies. People are collected with > various > > allergies; bee stings, nuts, pollen, solvents, dust mites etc. All > are > > exposed to pollen. Only a few develop hayfever. Therefore, > allergies and > > hayfever do not exist, and for the few people who do display a > reaction, it > > is obviously all in the mind. > > 3. A study is done on lung cancer. People show no obvious ill > effect after > > 1 hour of smoking cigarettes, therefore there is no link between > smoking and > > cancer. > > 4. A painting is to be examined to see whether it is a Titian or > expert > > forgery. The person responsible for devising the test and making > the > > assessment is an amateur photographer. > > > > Ian > > > > _____ > > > > From: eSens@yahoogroups. <mailto:eSens%40yahoogroups.com> com > [mailto:eSens@yahoogroups. <mailto:eSens%40yahoogroups.com> com] On > Behalf Of Marc > > Martin > > Sent: 25 July 2007 19:56 > > To: esens@yahoogroups. <mailto:esens%40yahoogroups.com> com > > Subject: [eSens] Phone mast allergy "in the mind" > > > > > > > > Hi all, > > > > Well, of course someone has funded a study to show > > that there's no such thing as ES: > > > > http://news. <http://news. > bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/6914492.stm> > > bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/6914492.stm > > > > Can't believe much you read in the press, anyway... :-) > > > > Marc > > > > > > > > > > > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] > > > > > > > > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] > |
Further thoughts on this...I think that if this Swedish EMF Refuge is
a success then THAT would be the place to start investigating what ES is. --- In [hidden email], "asurisuk" <asurisuk@...> wrote: > > I think the only way that anyone can even begin to start considering > provocation studies is if a clinic/retreat centre is set up first > which has been tried and tested by ES people as a place where their > symptoms improve. (I guess i'm thinking of something along the lines > of that MCS place in Texas). Even then the study would take months > during which time those with ES would have to stay at the centre, > possibly resting for weeks inbetween each exposure, for the most > severely affected by the illness. > > I reckon that a proper study of the illness will more likely come > from a private source, from people who would be able to afford to > attend such a clinic. I guess the Breakspear is doing something in > that direction. But really what we need is a clinic where people can > stay and feel better. It is only from a point of wellness that tests > could be done to discover what makes sufferers feel worse. Its > ridiculous testing people who turn up already feeling ill. Utterly > pointless!! > > > --- In [hidden email], "Ian Kemp" <ianandsue.kemp@> wrote: > > > > Thanks Jane. It's very interesting to have testimony on the > circumstances > > under which this trials was carried out. It shows that it would > have been > > ineffective in allowing severely ES people to participate. > it cannot > > be used as evidence to "disprove" a link between ES and mast > exposure, > > contrary to the media reports (though I take the point made > elsewhere that > > the Essex researchers did not actually claim this!) > > > > Ian > > > > _____ > > > > From: [hidden email] [mailto:[hidden email]] On > Behalf Of > > asurisuk > > Sent: 27 July 2007 16:40 > > To: [hidden email] > > Subject: [eSens] Re: Phone mast allergy "in the mind" > > > > > > > > Ian, you have made some excellent points, especially the > comparisons > > at the bottom. (i wonder if the Guardian would print it?) > > > > I could not attend because the University was 200 miles from me. > > if the long journey via London were not enough, i remember also > that > > the visit would have involved an overnight stay. Obviously the team > > were unable to recommend any hotels that might be suitable for an > ES > > person to stay in! > > > > There was also an issue over the expenses allowed for participants, > > they were very low, allowing only really for local people to attend > > the experiments. (the hotel would have been at my expense). > > > > Furthermore, if a participant had to drop out of the study, which > > took place over a number of months, then no expenses would be > > refunded, and the particpant would be left footing the bill. > > > > jane (previously canaryuk) > > > > --- In eSens@yahoogroups. <mailto:eSens%40yahoogroups.com> > com, "Ian Kemp" > > <ianandsue.kemp@> wrote: > > > > > > Yes, this is the study which has been going on for some years > the > > > University of Essex, which various UK ES people have ground their > > teeth > > > about periodically while it was being done! In case anyone puts > it > > forward > > > as an anti-ES argument, the following points might be noted. > > > > > > 1. It was held at the University site - so anyone with severe ES > > who can't > > > travel was unable to attend. > > > 2. Five subjects with severe ES who were unable to complete the > > tests > > > because of the pain experienced were simply excluded from the > > results. (this > > > info is second hand but I believe originates from Alasdair > Phillips > > of > > > Powerwatch, I have also heard from a separate source that some > > people were > > > unable to continue) > > > 3. Exposures were to a given frequency of MW mast signal for a > > total period > > > of under 1 hour, so that people who were not sensitive to that > > particular > > > frequency would not register a positive reaction. > > > 4. The researchers were psychologists, not medical - which > implies > > a lot > > > about what they expected to find! > > > > > > Basically, 1 and 2 excluded the people who might be expected to > > react most > > > strongly (severely ES), and the exposure time was short enough > that > > > moderately ES people might not experience a reaction. > > > > > > An interesting parallel that I thought of would be this: > > > 1. A study is done on disability. It is held on an upper floor > a > > building > > > with stairs and no lift. All the people appearing for testing can > > walk, > > > therefore severe disability does not exist. > > > 2. A study is to be done on allergies. People are collected with > > various > > > allergies; bee stings, nuts, pollen, solvents, dust mites etc. > All > > are > > > exposed to pollen. Only a few develop hayfever. Therefore, > > allergies and > > > hayfever do not exist, and for the few people who do display a > > reaction, it > > > is obviously all in the mind. > > > 3. A study is done on lung cancer. People show no obvious ill > > effect after > > > 1 hour of smoking cigarettes, therefore there is no link > > smoking and > > > cancer. > > > 4. A painting is to be examined to see whether it is a Titian or > an > > expert > > > forgery. The person responsible for devising the test and making > > the > > > assessment is an amateur photographer. > > > > > > Ian > > > > > > _____ > > > > > > From: eSens@yahoogroups. <mailto:eSens%40yahoogroups.com> com > > [mailto:eSens@yahoogroups. <mailto:eSens%40yahoogroups.com> com] On > > Behalf Of Marc > > > Martin > > > Sent: 25 July 2007 19:56 > > > To: esens@yahoogroups. <mailto:esens%40yahoogroups.com> com > > > Subject: [eSens] Phone mast allergy "in the mind" > > > > > > > > > > > > Hi all, > > > > > > Well, of course someone has funded a study to show > > > that there's no such thing as ES: > > > > > > http://news. <http://news. > <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/6914492.stm> > > bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/6914492.stm> > > > bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/6914492.stm > > > > > > Can't believe much you read in the press, anyway... :-) > > > > > > Marc > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] > > > |
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