Newest version: Late Lessons from Early Warnings - science, precaution, innovati

This can be downloaded in one huge pdf file  - or in 5+  individual
sections each in a pdf file.
However , for me when something comes in a huge volume,  it sometimes seems
overwhelming and  somehow harder to read  then if I can read it in chapters
- though I don't understand why this  is. [Plus I can also read first the
parts that I find most  interesting......] So  just in case there is anyone  
like  me,  lower down I have included where the individual  chapters in  the
individual section pdf files can also be  downloaded.
 
                 blessings
                          Shan
 
 
 
Late Lessons from Early Warnings - science,  precaution, innovation
Published by  EEA (European Environment  Agency) Jan 23, 2013
The 2013 Late lessons  from early warnings report is the second of its type
produced by the
European Environment Agency (EEA) in collaboration with a  broad range of
external authors and  peer  reviewers. The case studies across both volumes
of Late lessons from early  warnings cover  a diverse range of chemical and  
technological innovations, and highlight a number of systemic  problems. The
'Late Lessons Project' illustrates how damaging and  costly the misuse or
neglect of  the precautionary  principle can be, using case studies and a
synthesis of the lessons to be  learned  and applied to maximising innovations  
whilst minimising harms.
Content
Late lessons from early  warnings II - Summary.pdf [3.9 MB]
Late lessons from early warnings II - Full  report [9.3 MB]
Part A - Lessons from health hazards [12.2  MB]
Part B - Emerging lessons from ecosystems [10.7 MB]
Part C - Emerging  issues [4.2 MB]
Part D - Costs, justice and innovation [2.2 MB]
Part E -  Implications for science and governance [2.5 MB]
Late lessons from  early warnings II - Annexes 1 and 2 [1.4 MB]
Late lessons from early  warnings II - Bee decline debate [690.9 kB]
Late lessons from early  warnings II - complete ebook (epub) [14.6 MB]
Late lessons from early  warnings II - complete kindle ebook (mobi) [10.9
MB]
_http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/late-lessons-2_
(http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/late-lessons-2)
 
 
 
These sections below also have several  individual chapters in  individual
pdf files........................
 
 
Part A - Lessons from health hazards
Part A commences with an analysis of  **false positives**  showing that
these are few and far between as compared to false negatives and  that
carefully designed precautionary actions can stimulate innovation, even if  the risk
turns out not to be real or as serious as initially  feared.
The remaining nine chapters address false negatives  — lead in petrol,
perchlorethylene contaminated water, Minamata disease,  occupational beryllium
disease, environmental tobacco smoke, vinyl chloride,  dibromochloropropane
(DBCP), Bisphenol A and dichlorodiphenyltrichlorethane  (DDT) — from which
three common themes emerge: there was more than sufficient  evidence for much
earlier action; slow and sometimes obstructive behaviour by  businesses
whose products endangered workers, the public and the environment;  and the
value of independent scientific research and risk assessments
Each  chapter from this section can be downloaded in separate pdf files
--The precautionary principle and false  alarms
Steffen Foss Hansen and Joel A.  Tickner
-- Lead in petrol 'makes the mind give  way'
Herbert Needleman and David Gee
-- Too much to swallow: PCE contamination of mains  water
David Ozonoff
-- Minamata disease: a challenge for democracy and  justice
Takashi Yorifuji, Toshihide Tsuda and  Masazumi Harada
-- Beryllium*s **public relations  problem**
David Michaels and Celeste  Monforton
-- Tobacco industry manipulation of  research
Lisa A. Bero
-- Vinyl  chloride: a saga of secrecy
Morando Soffritti,  Jennifer Beth Sass, Barry Castleman and David Gee
-- The pesticide  DBCP and male infertility
Eula Bingham and  Celeste Monforton
-- Bisphenol A: contested science, divergent safety  evaluations
Andreas Gies and Ana M.  Soto
-- DDT: fifty years since Silent  Spring
Henk Bouwman, Riana Bornman, Henk van den  Berg and Henrik Kylin
_http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/late-lessons-2/part-a-lessons-from-he
alth-hazards_
(http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/late-lessons-2/part-a-lessons-from-health-hazards)
 
 
 
Part B - Emerging lessons from  ecosystems
Part B focuses on emerging lessons from the degradation of  natural systems
and their wider implications for society  - booster biocides, the pill and
the feminisation of fish, climate change, floods, insecticides and honeybees
as well as ecosystem  resilience more broadly.It considers, like its
predecessor, the issues of  scientific evidence as the basis for action/inaction,
the multiple, often complex factors and feedback loops in play, many  of
which are not fully understood, as well as the  interfaces between science,
policy and society and how all actors can move together towards necessary
actions in the context  of heightened systemic risks, and substantial  unknowns.
Contains the following chapters:
-- Booster biocide antifoulants: is history repeating  itself?
Andrew R. G. Price and James W.  Readman
-- Ethinyl oestradiol in the aquatic  environment
Susan Jobling and Richard  Owen
-- Climate change: science and the precautionary  principle
Hartmut Grassl and Bert  Metz
-- Floods: lessons about early warning  systems
Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz
--  Seed‑dressing systemic insecticides and honeybees
Laura Maxim and Jeroen van der Sluijs
See  also: additional debate between Bayer CropScience and authors of this  
chapter
-- Ecosystems and managing the dynamics of  change
Jacqueline McGlade and Sybille van den  Hove
_http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/late-lessons-2/part-b-emerging-lesson
s-from-ecosystems_
(http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/late-lessons-2/part-b-emerging-lessons-from-ecosystems)
 
 
 
Part C - Emerging issues
Part C  analyses some newly emerging and large‑scale products, technologies
and trends,  which potentially offer many benefits but also  potentially
much harm to people and ecosystems and thereby ultimately economic development.
Cases addressed include  the Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear accidents;
genetically modified agricultural crops and agroecology; the growing threat of
invasive  alien species; mobile phones and the risk of brain  tumours; and
nanotechnologies. There is often little science, and very little direct
hindsight, to assist in the management of these  emerging technologies but the
lessons from the  historical case studies need to be applied if hazards are to
be  avoided.
Contains the 5 following chapters which can be downloaded  individually as
pdf files:
-- Late lessons from Chernobyl, early  warnings from Fukushima
Paul Dorfman, Aleksandra  Fucic and Stephen Thomas
-- Hungry for innovation: pathways from GM  crops to agroecology
David Quist, Jack A.  Heinemann, Anne I. Myhr, Iulie Aslaksen and Silvio
Funtowicz
--  Invasive alien species: a growing but neglected  threat?
Sarah Brunel, Eladio Fernández‑Galiano,  Piero Genovesi, Vernon H. Heywood,
   
     Christoph , Kueffer and David M. Richardson
-- Mobile phones and brain  tumour risk: early warnings, early actions?
Lennart Hardell, Michael Carlberg and David Gee
-- Nanotechnology — early lessons from early  warnings
Steffen Foss Hansen, Andrew Maynard,  Anders Baun, Joel A. Tickner and
Diana M.
     Bowman
_http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/late-lessons-2/part-c-emerging-issues
_
(http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/late-lessons-2/part-c-emerging-issues)
 
 
 
Part D - Costs, justice and innovation  
The chapters in part D analyse the reasons behind prevailing practice and  
then go on to offer insights, for example, on how cost calculation methods
can  be improved; on how insurance schemes could be used to compensate future
victims  of harm; and on the reasons why businesses frequently ignore early
 warnings.
The historical chapters illustrate numerous harms which  for the most part
have been caused by irresponsible corporations. This fact,  coupled with
shortcomings in how decisions are made by governments on when to  act on early
warnings, and in the law when it comes to compensating victims of  harm, are
analysed in three chapters in Part D of the report.
contains the  following chapters:
-- Understanding and accounting for the costs of  inaction
Mikael Skou Andersen and David Owain  Clubb
-- Protecting early warners and late  victims
Carl Cranor
-- Why did  business not react with precaution to early  warnings?
Marc Le Menestrel and Julian  Rode
_http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/late-lessons-2/part-d-costs-justice
-and-innovation_
(http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/late-lessons-2/part-d-costs-justice-and-innovation)
 
 
 
Part E - Implications for science and  governance
Part E considers the governance implications for  science, public policy
and public engagement, and how current practices could be  improved to enable
society to maximise the benefits of innovations while  minimising harms on
the basis of the cases in Parts A-D.
The main insights  are that science could be more relevant for
precautionary decision‑making; that  the wider use of the precautionary principle can
avert harm and stimulate  innovation; and that the late lessons of history and
precautionary approaches  are highly pertinent to today's multiple and inter
‑connected crises — such as  those arising from finance, economics, the
use of ecosystems, climate change,  and the use and supply of energy and food.
Contains the following  chapters:
-- Science for precautionary  decision‑making
Philippe Grandjean
--  More or less precaution?
David Gee
_http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/late-lessons-2/part-e-implications-fo
r-science_
(http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/late-lessons-2/part-e-implications-for-science)
 
 
PLUS
 
Health risks from mobile phone  radiation – why the experts disagree
Mobile phones and other  digital devices are now a big part of modern life –
 but are they dangerous?  There were an estimated 5.3 billion mobile phone
subscriptions worldwide by the  end of 2010, so if mobile phone use is
linked to head cancers, the implications  are immense. We look at the scientific
uncertainty in this area, and what this  means for policy.
Scroll down to the end of the article where you will find a  few good links
for more info.
_http://www.eea.europa.eu/highlights/health-risks-from-mobile-phone_
(http://www.eea.europa.eu/highlights/health-risks-from-mobile-phone)
 
 
The cost of ignoring the warning  signs - EEA publishes **Late Lessons from
Early Warnings, volume  II**
New technologies have sometimes had very harmful  effects, but in many
cases the early warning signs have been suppressed or  ignored. The second
volume of Late Lessons from Early Warnings investigates  specific cases where
danger signals have gone unheeded, in some cases leading to  deaths, illness
and environmental destruction.
Scroll down to end of article  where there are several good links for more
info......
_http://www.eea.europa.eu/pressroom/newsreleases/the-cost-of-ignoring-the_
(http://www.eea.europa.eu/pressroom/newsreleases/the-cost-of-ignoring-the)


I know all of this will keep you busy  -- but just so you know they exist  
........ if you scroll down the webpages for the individual sections past
the  chapters, you will find a few articles that support the information in
that  particular section .
 
For example .................
 
 
 The impacts of endocrine  disrupters on wildlife, people and their
environments – The Weybridge+15  (1996–2011) report
Rates of endocrine diseases and  disorders, such as some reproductive and
developmental harm in human  populations, have changed in line with the
growth of the chemical industry,  leading to concerns that these factors may be
linked. For example, the current  status of semen quality in the few European
countries where studies have been  systematically conducted, is very poor:
fertility in approximately 40 % of men  is impaired. There is also evidence
of reproductive and developmental harm  linked to impairments in endocrine
function in a number of wildlife species,  particularly in environments that
are contaminated by cocktails of chemicals  that are in everyday use. Based
on the human and wildlife evidence, many  scientists are concerned about
chemical pollutants being able to interfere with  the normal functioning of
hormones, so-called endocrine-disrupting chemicals  (EDCs), that could play a
causative role in these diseases and disorders. If  this holds true, then
these 'early warnings' signal a failure in environmental  protection that
should be addressed.
_http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/the-impacts-of-endocrine-disrupters_
(http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/the-impacts-of-endocrine-disrupters)
 
 
 
Increase in cancers and fertility  problems may be caused by household
chemicals and  pharmaceuticals
Chemicals which disrupt the hormone system –  also known as 'endocrine
disrupting chemicals' (EDCs) – may be a contributing  factor behind the
significant increases in cancers, diabetes and obesity,  falling fertility, and an
increased number of neurological development problems  in both humans and
animals, according to a review of recent scientific  literature commissioned by
the European Environment Agency (EEA).
_http://www.eea.europa.eu/pressroom/newsreleases/increase-in-cancers-and-fer
tility_
(http://www.eea.europa.eu/pressroom/newsreleases/increase-in-cancers-and-fertility)
 
 
 


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